{"id":1555,"date":"2024-09-01T17:40:49","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T08:40:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/?p=1555"},"modified":"2024-10-20T13:41:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-20T04:41:36","slug":"the-largest-fungus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/?p=1555","title":{"rendered":"Forest Walking"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The largest fungus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The largest fungus found so far is a honey fungus in the Malheur National Forest in Oregon. Spread over three-and-a-half square miles (nearly one thousand hectares) and weighing somewhere between 7,500 and 35,000 tons, it is the largest known living organism on Earth estimated to be many thousands of years old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hidden Connections<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nature is complicated. To understand how populations of predators and prey affects each other, we can look to Isle Royale, an island in Lake Superior in the state of Michigan. Here, Nature started a unique experiment, one that researchers have been observing since 1958.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, moose arrived on the island over the frozen lake. The lake thawed, the moose were stranded, and their population exploded. They are their way through the underbrush and destroyed most of the young trees. Then, during another harsh winter, a wolf pack settled on the island and set about reducing the moose population. The remoteness of the island was a gift for the researchers. With both populations more or less trapped, they could study the interconnection in a relatively small area(more than five hundred square kilometers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers expected that if the number of wolves rose, moose numbers would fall because the wolves would catch and eat more of them. Eventually, wolf numbers would fall because it would take the wolves longer to find the moose and hunt them down, so more wolves would starve. Moose numbers would then start to rise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But you could look at this dynamic completely differently. When the moose have a lot to eat, they reproduce so the wolves have lots of moose to catch. The more moose are killed by wolves, the more the wolves reproduce. And yet, a larger populations of wolves means more stress on the predators because they must now put more energy into defending their territories from other wolves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fluctuations in the moose population, therefore, depend more on the condition of their habitat than on the presence of wolves<\/span> – unless a particularly harsh winter comes along. In a harsh winter, food becomes so scarce that many moose die of starvation. If the wolves now hunt the remaining animals more vigorously, it can cause the moose population to collapse. Are you completely confused?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interdependencies in nature are often not as obvious as we once thought.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps the connections will be easier to understand if we pay less attention to the fluctuations in the size of the herbivore population and more on the changes in their behavior<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There were way too many herbivores(mostly elk) in Yellowstone National Park<\/strong>. These large deer drastically reduced tree cover until they’d stripped extensive areas of the landscape bare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Park rangers exacerbated the problem by feeding the elk in winter, which allowed the herds to continue increasing in size. The turning point came in 1995, when the ranges, together with scientists, released wolves into the park. By 1996, ranges had introduced a total of thirty-one animals. The wolves set about steadily increasing their numbers and did one thing above all others; they ate elk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, the number of elk declined steadily from 1995(16,791) to 2004(8,335) to settle at a lower level. The number of wolves rose to 174 in 2003 before declining to a sustainable level of about 100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But more important than the decline in the number of herbivores was the change in their behavior. In earlier times, the elk had enjoyed browsing along the riverbanks, destroying the vegetation that protected the river from erosion. Rivers and streams began to cut into the land and carry off valuable soil. The sediment in the water affected fish and other aquatic organisms, and in some places the park became little more than an elk zoo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the return of the wolves, elk began to avoid the riverbanks, where they were particularly easy prey. Shrubs and trees soon began to grow once again and line the banks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now beavers came back as well, because they had access to the trees they used to build their dams and the branches they relied on for food. The rivers began to meander through the valleys once again. The bends slowed the rate at which the water flowed and therefore the rate at which the water eroded the banks. All this happened thanks to the reintroduction of a top predator.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc640 \ub2ff\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc232\uc744 \uc778\uac04\uacfc \uacf5\uc874\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc788\ub4ef\uc774 \uc232\uc744 \uc218\ubaa9\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc232\uacfc \uc778\uac04\uc744 \uc880 \ub354 \uac00\uae5d\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \uc778\uac04\ub3c4 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc784\uc744 \uae68\ub2ff\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uc232\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3c9\uc628\ud568\uc744 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc232\uc774 \uc815\ub9d0 \uc798 \uac00\uafd4\uc9c0\uace0 \ud0dc\ucd08\uc758 \uc232\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubb38\ud654\uacf5\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ub4e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024.10.20<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The largest fungus The largest fungus found so far is a honey fungus in the Malheur National Forest in Oregon. Spread over three-and-a-half square miles (nearly one thousand hectares) and weighing somewhere between 7,500 and 35,000 tons, it is the largest known living organism on Earth estimated to be many thousands of years old. Hidden Connections Nature is complicated. To understand how populations of predators and prey affects each other, we can look to Isle Royale, an island in Lake…<\/p>\n

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