{"id":2522,"date":"2025-07-07T09:35:15","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T00:35:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/?p=2522"},"modified":"2025-07-07T09:35:15","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T00:35:15","slug":"chinas-rare-earth-origin-story-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/?p=2522","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s Rare Earth Origin Story, Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

Low environmental standards helped China become the world\u2019s low-cost producer of rare earths, but Beijing was also focused on helping the industry.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\uba87 \ub2ec \uc804 \uc911\uad6d\uc774 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uc758 \uc218\ucd9c\uc744 \uc77c\uc2dc \uc911\ub2e8\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc57d \ubc18 \uc138\uae30\ub3d9\uc548 \uc911\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0\uc704\uae09\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uafb8\uc900\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9c8\uc624\uca4c\ub465\uc774 27\ub144\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub9cc\ud07c\uc758 \ucca0\uacfc \uc2a4\ud14c\uc778\ub808\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ud560\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub9cc \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucdc4\uc9c0 \ud488\uc9c8\uc5d0\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \uc2e0\uacbd\uc744 \uc4f0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc5c5\uacc4\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc800\ud488\uc9c8\uc758 \ucca0\uacfc \uc2a4\ud14c\uc778\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub9cc \ub9ce\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1940\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18, \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc57c\uae08\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud30c\uc774\ud504\ub77c\uc778, \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \ubd80\ud488 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc5f0\uc131 \ucca0\uc758 \ud488\uc9c8\uc744 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ub0ae\uc740 \uae30\uc220 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\ub2e4. \uae08\uc18d\uc774 \ub179\uc740 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \uc138\ub968\uc744 \uc870\uae08 \ucca8\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ube44\ubc00\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uac00 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub41c \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \uc6a9\ub3c4 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \uc138\ub968(cerium)\uc740 \ud654\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uc11d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uc26c\uc6e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1978\ub144 \ub369\uc0e4\uc624\ud551\uc774 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, \uadf8\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ucca0\uac15 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc600\ub2e4. \ub369\uc0e4\uc624\ud551\uc740 \ucd5c\uace0 \uae30\uc220 \uad00\ub8cc\uc778 \ud321\uc774(Fang Yi)\ub97c \ubd80\ucd1d\ub9ac\uc774\uc790 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad6d\uac00 \uacfc\ud559 \uae30\uc220 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c(State Science and Technology Commision)\uc758 \uc218\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud321\uc774\ub294 \uc989\uc2dc \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c8\ud559\uc790\uc640 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc81c\ucca0\uc18c\uc640 \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub0b4\ubabd\uace8\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc778 Baotou\ub85c \ub370\ub824\uac14\ub2e4. Baotou\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub9c8\uc624\uca4c\ub465 \uce58\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ud0f1\ud06c\uc640 \ud3ec\ubcd1\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub9ce\uc740 \ucca0\uacfc \uac15\ucca0\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud321\uc774 \ud300\uc740 \uad11\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \ucd94\ucd9c\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ucca0\uad11\uc11d \ud1f4\uc801\ubb3c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc18c\uc704 \uac00\ubcbc\uc6b4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc591\uc758 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uac00 \uc11e\uc5ec \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5f0\uc131 \ucca0\uacfc \uc720\ub9ac \uc81c\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc138\ub968(cerium)\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc815\uc81c\uc720\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ub780\ud0c4(lanthanum)\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ucca0\uad11\uc11d \ub9e4\uc7a5\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub968(samarium)\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc911\uac04 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc74c\uc18d \uc804\ud22c\uae30\uc640 \ubbf8\uc0ac\uc77c \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc804\uae30 \ubaa8\ud130\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub0b4\uc5f4\uc131 \uc790\uc11d\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub968\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc2dc \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc5d0 \uc804\uc2dc\ub41c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 “\ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub294 \uac15\ucca0, \uc5f0\uc131 \ucca0, \uc720\ub9ac \ubc0f \ub3c4\uc790\uae30, \uad70\uc0ac \uc0b0\uc5c5, \uc804\uc790 \ubc0f \uc2e0\uc18c\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.”\ub77c\uace0 \ud321\uc774\uac00 1978\ub144 Baotou\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uc120\uc5b8\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub2f9\uc2dc \uc911\ubbf8 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uac1c\uc120\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. Baotou\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud55c \uc9c1\ud6c4, \ud321\uc774\ub294 \uc911\uad6d \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc744 \ub370\ub9ac\uace0 \ubbf8\uad6d L.A \uadfc\ucc98\uc758 \ub85d\ud788\ub4dc \ub9c8\ud2f4\uacfc \ub9e5\ub3c4\ub12c \ub354\uae00\ub77c\uc2a4 \uc870\ub9bd \uacf5\uc7a5\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc1c\uc804\ub41c \uacf5\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \uae08\uc18d\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd18\ucd18\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub354 \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud574 \ub0b4\ub824\uba74 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud654\ud559 \uacf5\uc815\uacfc \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc591\uc758 \uc0b0(acid)\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1950\ub144\ub300\uc640 1960\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uc18c\ub828\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uc740 \uac12\ube44\uc2fc \uc9c8\uc0b0\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2a4\ud14c\uc778\ub808\uc2a4\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ud0f1\ud06c\uacfc \ubc30\uad00\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8 \ub54c \uc911\uad6d\uc774 \uc815\ubd80 \uc5f0\uad6c \uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc800\ub834\ud55c \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \uba85\ub839\ud588\ub77c\uace0 \ud654\ud559 \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\uc774\uc790 \ubd81\ubbf8 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc911 \uba87\uba87\uc758 \uc804 \ucd5c\uace0 \uacbd\uc601\uc790\uc778 Constantine Karayannopoulos\ub294 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc800\ub834\ud55c \ud50c\ub77c\uc2a4\ud2f1\uacfc \uc5fc\uc0b0\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud658\uacbd \uae30\uc900\uc758 \ub290\uc2a8\ud568\uacfc \ube44\uc6a9 \uacbd\uc7c1\ub825\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \uc815\uc81c \uacf5\uc7a5\uc774 \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uacbd\uc7c1 \uc5c5\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc55e\uc11c\ub098\uac08 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ud658\uacbd \uaddc\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\uc81c \uacf5\uc7a5\uc740 \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774\uc640\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c, \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c8\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\uc774 \uc911\uad6d \uc911\ub0a8\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \ub9e4\uc7a5\uc9c0\uac00 \uc138\uacc4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uc758 \uac70\uc758 \uc808\ubc18\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc591\uc774 \ubb3b\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\uc758 \uc790\uc11d\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc758\ub8cc \uc601\uc0c1 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990\ub144\ub300\uc640 2000\ub144\ub300\uc5d0, \uc911\uad6d \uc815\uc81c \uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud574 \ub0b4\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud130\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\uc774 \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac70\uc758 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ub3c5\uc810\uad8c\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1992\ub144 \ub369\uc0e4\uc624\ud551\uc740 “\uc911\ub3d9\uc5d0\ub294 \uc11d\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.”\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0, \ub369\uc0e4\uc624\ud551\uacfc \ud321\uc774\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 \uc774\ub04c \ub2e4\uc74c \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc778 \uc6d0\uc790\ubc14\uc624(Wen Jiabao)\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc9c8\ud559\uc790\ub97c \uad50\uc721\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1960\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18 \ubb38\ud654\ub300\ud601\uba85\uc758 \uaca9\ubcc0\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ub9c8\ube44\ub410\uc744 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ubca0\uc774\uc9d5 \uc9c0\uc9c8\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \uacfc\ud559 \uc11d\uc0ac \ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc6d0\uc790\ubc14\uc624\ub294 1998\ub144\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc8fc\uc11d\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 2003\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2013\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc911\uad6d \uc8fc\uc11d\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2010\ub144 \uc720\ub7fd\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548, \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec \uc5c6\uc774 \uc911\uad6d \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958 \uc815\ucc45\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub294 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc120\uc5b8\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Low environmental standards helped China become the world\u2019s low-cost producer of rare earths, but Beijing was also focused on helping the industry. \uba87 \ub2ec \uc804 \uc911\uad6d\uc774 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uc758 \uc218\ucd9c\uc744 \uc77c\uc2dc \uc911\ub2e8\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc57d \ubc18 \uc138\uae30\ub3d9\uc548 \uc911\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0\uc704\uae09\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4 \ud76c\ud1a0\ub958\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uafb8\uc900\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc654\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc624\uca4c\ub465\uc774 27\ub144\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub9cc\ud07c\uc758 \ucca0\uacfc \uc2a4\ud14c\uc778\ub808\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ud560\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub9cc \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucdc4\uc9c0 \ud488\uc9c8\uc5d0\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \uc2e0\uacbd\uc744 \uc4f0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc5c5\uacc4\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc800\ud488\uc9c8\uc758 \ucca0\uacfc \uc2a4\ud14c\uc778\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub9cc \ub9ce\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4. 1940\ub144\ub300…<\/p>\n

Read More Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[240,239],"class_list":["post-2522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7","category-1","tag-240","tag-239"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2522"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2524,"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2522\/revisions\/2524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skanto.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}